Sea Surface Height Anomaly – California Coast For more information on SSH and the ocean altimetry missions, see the Ocean Surface Topography from Space web site. The mean signal, seasonal signal, and the trend have been removed. Here, these images are processed to highlight the interannual signal of SSH. For the past 24 years, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 have used space-based radar altimetry to collect sea surface height data of all the world's oceans. Jason-2 and Jason-3 continue to provide an uninterrupted time-series that originated in 1992 with TOPEX/Poseidon. The Jason-3 mission was successfully launched on January 17, 2016, and is already operational. They put the probability of La Niña developing this summer or early fall at 70%. Looking ahead, many El Niño experts expect a transition to a La Niña, the cool sibling of El Niño. Comparing present conditions with 1997-1998, a large area of the northeastern tropical Pacific (north of the equator) still contains a large area of positive (warmer than normal) heat content. The El Niño of 2015-2016 was a continuing El Niño that first appeared in 2014-2015. Also, remember that 2014 – 2015 was a weak, central Pacific Niño, so this one had a jump start. Each El Niño episode has a unique timing and variations in impacts. The El Niño of 2015-2016 was similar to the Niño of 1997-1998, but not an exact repeat. The present El Niño, which peaked in January 2016, was longer lasting than the 1997-1998 episode and was larger in area. Here we provide side by side comparisons of Pacific Ocean sea surface height (SSH) anomalies of what is presently happening to the Pacific Ocean El Niño signal with the famous 1997-1998 El Niño (which peaked in November 1997). The super El Niño of 2015-2016 is waning. The 2016 image (right) is from the Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 satellite. The 1998 image (left) is from the NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. These images compare ocean conditions during the 16 El Niño events. NASA Studying 2015 El Niño as Never Before NASA Sees El Niño Conditions Prevail in the Central Pacific Ocean The color bar indicates how far from normal the measurements are. For example, sea surface temperature (SST) data that stray from the normal range of variation are shown as SST anomalies. Many of the images are designed to show a data "anomaly", revealing when data is outside of normal measurement ranges. The images are produced by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and partner agencies and compare the current conditions with the largest El Niño on record in 1997-1998, or with a 'normal' year for measurements that do not extend back to 1997. The images below show key spaceborne observations of the ocean and atmosphere as they are currently changing with El Niño. and the world will likely be substantial. Interest in this event is high because impacts across the U.S. A significant El Niño has developed in the Pacific Ocean.
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